Kiwi fruit is widely grown in New Zealand, the USA, China, Japan, Australia, France, Chile, Spain and Italy. It is the desired fruit, and lots of people love the taste of Kiwi. It has a high source of medical vitamins and minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Kiwi also contains a rich source of Vitamin B and C. In salads and desserts, Kiwi is eaten along with different fruits. It is also used for the squad and wine preparation. It is widely grown in Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, J&K, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and Kerala in India.
Kiwi Fruit Cultivation In India
Kiwi fruits vines grow at various temperatures, but they need the best quality Kiwi fruit:
- Fertile, well-drained soil.
- Shelter from the wind.
- Adequate moisture throughout the year.
- Protection from autumn and spring frosts.
Suitable Soil For Kiwi Farming
The bay of plenty’s rich yellow-brown looms are well-drained soil but also require nitrogen and phosphorus once the vines start to grow nicely. Orchards are generally fertilized with nitrogen and potassium per hectare in spring and early summer.
Land Preparation For Kiwi Fruit
To plant vineyards, the hillside is turned into fields. To attain maximum sunlight, the rows are oriented in the north-south direction and by preparing the soil, that is the main reason for the productive establishment of the vineyard. A mixture of both manure and pit filling will be finished by December. The equipment done for preparation of the soil is tractor generally, farmers use Powertrac Tractor or Farmtrac Tractor for the same.
Best Season For Planting Kiwi Fruit
Kiwi planting generally takes place in the month of January. And the one thing to keep in mind is that the planting must take place at the same depth at which plants in the nursery were growing. Then the soil is placed tightly towards the roots so that they cover the area around the roots. The plants are hard to cut due to fostering strong growth.
Nutrition Requirements for Kiwi Plants:-
20 kg of fertilizer. Manure from the farm, 0.5 kg. Every year it is recommended to use an NPK mixture containing 15 per cent N. 850-900 g after 5 years. N, between 500 and 600 g. P, between 800 and 900 g. K and compost from the farmyard should be used annually.
The Kiwi needs a high CI because its shortcomings adversely affect the production of shoots and roots. Extra levels of B and Na, on the other hand, are dangerous. N fertilizer is used in two equal quantities, in January-February between one and two-thirds, and in April-May some after fruit collection. In young vines, the manure is mixed into the soil within the vicinity of the vine and is evenly distributed throughout the mature grape soil.
Kiwi Plant Training
Training is needed to establish and maintain a well-constructed main branch and a fruit-bearing arm. Therefore some Supporting branches are established as soon as possible, even before or after the vines are planted. That is Built with three types of supporting structures (fencing). Sometimes one phone works with another phone, and the structure takes the form of a Kniffin device. At a height of 1.8-2.0 m, a 2.5 mm solid wire is fastened—tall above ground. The pillars are made of concrete, wood, or metal and are 6 feet [6 m] high. Inline, one by one.
The wire tension should not be too tight in the installation; otherwise, the wire should break the knot due to the load. The opposite arm (1.5 m.) It also holds the two outer ropes at the end. This command is called a T-bar or telephone/trellis overhead device. The rear parts from the main branch are mounted on a three-wire canopy. Throughout the pergola or bower system, a network with flat-topped or cross-cutting cords is provided to train the vines. The road is expensive and difficult to maintain but brings the highest yields and benefits the farmer in the best way possible.
Pest control and plant diseases of the Kiwi
In Kiwi cultivation, root rot disease is found, especially in poorly lit areas, which may be a problem caused due to fungal infections of the soil phytophthora. Armillaria Novaezelandiae, a traditional bootlace fungus, spreads on the trunk of a dead tree or wood buried in Kiwifruit, causing deadly diseases. Grey mould Botrytis rot attacks flowers and young fruits in humid areas.
Pollination in Kiwi Farming
Kiwi Fruit is not self-pollinating, so it is necessary to devote part of each orchid to male vines and pollen is added for artificial pollination. Unlike most other fruits, Kiwi Fruit requires a high level of pollination.
Kiwi is very well known for its taste and wines that are being made by it not only in some countries but in many countries all around the globe. And as we all know kiwi is full of vitamins and minerals it is a healthy choice too.
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